• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    VOLTAGE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A WIND TURBINE GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A WIND TURBINE GENERATOR This is a voltage setting point for a wind turbine generator. The system can include a reactive power regulator configured to control the production of reactive power by the wind turbine generator by setting a voltage set point for the generator. The reactive power regulator can have a first time constant and the voltage set point can be set between an upper limit and a lower limit. The system may also include a voltage limit regulator configured to adjust at least one of the upper limit or the lower limit for the voltage set point based on the parameter related to the system voltage. In addition, the system may include a voltage regulator coupled to the reactive power regulator. The voltage regulator can be configured to control the production of real power by the wind turbine generator based on the voltage set point. The voltage regulator can have a second time constant, where the first time constant is numerically greater (...).
    公开号:BR102013022238B1
    申请号:R102013022238-0
    申请日:2013-08-30
    公开日:2020-06-30
    发明作者:Einar Vaughn Larsen；Sidney Allen Barker
    申请人:General Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] The present matter generally refers to wind turbine generators and, more particularly, to voltage control techniques and systems for use with wind turbine generators that have continuous reactive power control for at least part of the power function. reactive power compensation. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] [002] A wind turbine generator is typically supplied by a wind "park" that has a large number (at least 100 or more) of wind turbine generators. Individual wind turbine generators can provide important benefits to the operation of the power system. These benefits refer to the mitigation of voltage fluctuations caused by gusts of wind and the mitigation of voltage deviations caused by external events.
    [0003] [003] In a wind farm configuration, each wind turbine generator can experience a unique wind force. Therefore, each wind turbine generator can include a local controller to control the response to wind gusts and other external events. State of the art wind farm control was based on one of two architectures: local control with constant power factor and park level control in fast voltage control, or local control in constant voltage control without park level control .
    [0004] [004] These two state of the art control architectures suffer disadvantages. Local control with constant power factor and park level control in fast voltage control requires fast communications with aggressive action from the park level to the local level. If the park level control is inactive, local control can aggravate the voltage fluctuation. With constant voltage control on each generator, steady-state operation varies significantly with small deviations in the transmission network load. This causes wind turbine generators to encounter limits in steady-state operation that prevent a response to disturbances, resulting in a loss of voltage definition. Due to the fact that the reactive current is higher than necessary during this mode of operation, the total efficiency of the wind turbine generator decreases.
    [0005] [005] Consequently, improved voltage control systems and techniques for use with wind turbine generators would be welcome in the art. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] [006] Aspects and advantages of the invention will be defined in part in the following description, or they may be obvious from the description, or they can be learned through the practice of the invention.
    [0007] [007] In one aspect, the present matter refers to a voltage control system for a wind turbine generator. The system can include a reactive power regulator configured to control the production of reactive power by the wind turbine generator by setting a voltage set point for the generator. The reactive power regulator can have a first time constant and the voltage set point can be set between an upper limit and a lower limit. The system may also include a voltage limit regulator configured to set at least one of the upper or lower limits for the voltage set point based on the parameter related to the system voltage. In addition, the system may include a voltage regulator coupled to the reactive power regulator. The voltage regulator can be configured to control the production of real power by the wind turbine generator based on the voltage set point. The voltage regulator can have a second time constant, where the first time constant is numerically greater than the second time constant.
    [0008] [008] In another aspect, the present matter refers to a method for controlling a wind turbine generator. The method can generally include receiving a reactive power command, setting at least one of an upper or lower limit for a wind turbine generator voltage control based on a voltage related parameter, determining the voltage set point based on in the reactive power command, determine a reactive current command for the wind turbine generator in response to the voltage set point and generate real and reactive power based on the reactive current command.
    [0009] [009] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate realizations of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0010] [010] A full disclosure enabling the present invention, including its best mode, directed to a technician in the subject, is presented in the specification, which makes reference to the attached figures.
    [0011] [011] Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wind farm that has multiple wind turbine generators coupled to a transmission grid.
    [0012] [012] Figure 2 illustrates a control diagram of an implementation of a voltage control system configured for use with one or more wind turbine generators.
    [0013] [013] Figure 3 illustrates a flow diagram of an implementation of the operation of a wind turbine control system. DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    [0014] [014] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one realization can be used with another realization to produce yet another realization. Thus, the present invention is intended to cover such modifications and variations as being within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
    [0015] [015] In general, the present article refers to a voltage control system for one or more wind turbine generators including the relatively rapid definition of voltage for individual generators with the definition of relatively slower total reactive power in a substation or wind farm level. The relatively slow reactive power regulator can adjust a voltage setpoint of the voltage regulator relatively quickly. The definition of fast voltage can be at the generator terminals or at a synthesized remote point (for example, between the generator terminals and the busbar). State of the art reactive power controllers are designed with time constants of lower numerical value than those used in voltage regulator design. That is, in the state of the art, the reactive power control circuit is inside the voltage control circuit, which results in a less stable system than that described in this document.
    [0016] [016] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the revealed control system provides an improved control structure that involves both site and park level control that overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art control architectures described above. Specifically, the revealed control system eliminates the need for fast and aggressive control of the wind farm level, which allows for an improved response in the event that the park level control is out of service. In addition, the revealed system provides an effective steady state operation, while the dynamic response of the system remains well within the established limits.
    [0017] [017] In addition, the revealed system also allows the upper and / or lower limits of the voltage setting point generated by the reactive power regulator to be dynamically adjusted in order to clarify the voltage related variables within the system. For example, in response to certain overvoltage conditions, such as high grid voltages in combination with electrical phase imbalances and / or high grid voltages, the upper limit of the voltage set point may be lowered or otherwise adjusted to prevent damage to the equipment due to excessive voltages without the need to disarm the system. Thus, by avoiding such preventive trip actions, the revealed system can continue to operate despite the overvoltage conditions and, thus, improve the efficiency and total operation of a wind farm.
    [0018] [018] Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wind farm 100 that has multiple wind turbine generators 110 coupled to a 190 transmission grid. Specifically, as shown, wind farm 100 includes three generators wind turbine 110. However, it should be noted that wind farm 100 can generally include any number of wind turbine generators 110.
    [0019] [019] Each wind turbine generator 110 includes a local controller that is responsive to the conditions of the wind turbine generator that are controlled. In one embodiment, the controller for each wind turbine generator 110 detects only the terminal current and voltage (by means of current and potential transformers). The detected voltage and current are used by the local controller to provide an appropriate response to cause the wind turbine generator 110 to supply the desired voltage and reactive power. A control system diagram corresponding to an embodiment of a wind turbine generator controller described in greater detail below in relation to Figure 2.
    [0020] [020] Still referring to Figure 1, each wind turbine generator 110 is coupled to a collector bus 120 through generator connection transformers 115 to provide real and reactive power (identified as P wg and Q wg , respectively) to collector bus 120. Generator connection transformers and collector buses are well known in the art and thus will not be described in detail in this document.
    [0021] [021] Wind farm 100 provides real and reactive power output (identified as P wf and Q wf , respectively) via a main wind farm transformer 130. A wind farm level controller 150 detects wind farm output well as the voltage at a common coupling point 140 to provide a park level reactive power command (Park Level Q Cmd) 155. In one embodiment, the park level controller 150 provides a single reactive power command for all the wind turbine generators 110 of the wind farm100. In alternative embodiments, the park level controller 150 can provide multiple commands for subsets of wind turbine generators 110 of wind farm 100. The commands for subsets of wind turbine generators 110 can be based on, for example, additional information related to operating conditions of one or more generators 110.
    [0022] [022] Referring now to Figure 2, a control diagram of an implementation of a wind turbine generator control system is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present matter. In various embodiments, the control system generally includes two circuits: a voltage regulator circuit and a Q regulator circuit. The voltage regulator circuit operates relatively fast (for example, 20 rad / s) compared to the Q regulator circuit (for example, greater than the 1 second closed loop time constant). As will be described below, the Q regulator can be used to adjust the voltage regulator's voltage set point.
    [0023] [023] Conceptually, the control system in Figure 2 provides the voltage control of the wind turbine generator terminal by regulating the voltage according to a reference defined by a controller greater than the generator level control (for example , substation or wind farm). Reactive power is defined for a long term (for example, several seconds) while the wind turbine generator terminal voltage is defined for a short term (for example, less than a few seconds) to mitigate the effects of fast grid transients
    [0024] [024] An operator or Q command of park level 200 is a signal that indicates the desired reactive power at the generator terminals. In a park level operation, the wind turbine generator Q command 200 is set equal to the output of the park level control (line 155 in Figure 1). In a local control, the operator command is defined manually, either at the location of the wind power generator or at a remote location. The park level operator or Q command 200 can be generated or transmitted, for example, by a computer system used to control the wind turbine generator. The park level operator or Q command 200 can also come from a utility network or substation.
    [0025] [025] In one embodiment, the operator or park level Q command 200 is transmitted to a command limiter 220, which operates to maintain reactive power commands within a predetermined range. As shown in Figure 2, Q max 222 and Q min 224 can generally indicate the upper and lower thresholds of the reactive power command range.
    [0026] [026] The specific values for Q max and Q min can be based, for example, on reactive generator capacities. In one embodiment, the value for Q max is 800 kVAR and the value for Q min is 1,200 kVAR for 1.5 MW of the wind turbine generator. However, it should be readily verified that the specific values for Q max and Q min can generally depend on the capacity of the specific generators that are used.
    [0027] [027] As shown in Figure 2, the signal output by the command limiter 220 is a Q 230 command, which is a command that indicates the target reactive power to be produced. The Q 230 command is in the range between Q min 224 and Q max 222. Additionally, as shown in Figure 2, the Q 230 command can be compared to a signal that indicates measured reactive power 210. The resulting error signal, the error Q 235, indicates the difference between the measured reactive power and the controlled reactive power.
    [0028] [028] The Q 235 error is an input signal for a reactive power regulator 240 (hereinafter called the VAR 240 regulator), which generates a voltage definition point 250 (hereinafter called the V 250 command) which indicates to a turbine generator wind power 110 the reactive power to be supplied by the generator. In one embodiment, the VAR 240 regulator is an integral proportional (PI) controller that has a closed loop time constant in the range of 1 to 10 seconds (for example, 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 5.5 seconds). Other types of controllers can also be used, for example, derivative proportional controls (PD), integral derivative proportional controls (PID), state space controllers, etc. In addition, other time constants can be used for the VAR 240 regulator as long as the time constant for the VAR 240 regulator is numerically greater than the time constant for a voltage regulator 270 (described below).
    [0029] [029] In several embodiments, the V 250 command can be limited to a predetermined range between V max 242 and V min 244. For example, in one embodiment, V max 242 and V min 244 can be defined in terms of percentage of the rated generator output, as defining the V max 242 as 105% of the nominal generator voltage while the definition of the V min 244 can be 95% of the nominal generator voltage. However, it should be noted that the upper and lower limits, also alternative, can also be used.
    [0030] [030] In addition to defining a predetermined range or, as an alternative to them, the values for V max 242 and / or V min 244 can be defined and / or dynamically adjusted based on the operating parameters of one or more of the generators. wind turbine 110 and / or based on any other operating parameters of the entire system. For example, as shown in Figure 2, in various embodiments, the control system may include a voltage limit regulator 248 configured to set / adjust the value of V max 242 based on one or more parameters related to the wind farm voltage 110 Specifically, in one embodiment, the voltage limit regulator 248 can be configured to set / adjust the value of V max 242 based on the maximum instantaneous phase voltage at any point within the system. In another embodiment, the voltage limit regulator 248 can be configured to set / adjust the value of V max 242 based on any parameter related to the appropriate voltage, such as the maximum instantaneous rotor voltage of one or more generators 110 of the wind farm 100.
    [0031] [031] It should be noted that, using voltage limit regulator 248 as described above, other voltage-based power system values can be maintained within the capabilities of the equipment, thus allowing the system to operate without request the performance of certain preventive actions. For example, overvoltage trip actions are often performed when certain voltage-related conditions are present in combination with specific grid conditions, such as when there is a high grid voltage simultaneously with a voltage imbalance across the three phases, or when there is a high mains voltage simultaneously with high generator speed and power output (which can lead to high rotor voltage in some types of generators, such as dual power generators). However, by defining or otherwise adjusting the value of V max 242 based on one or more parameters related to the relevant system voltage, the wind turbine generator (s) 110 of the wind farm 100 can continue to operate at reduced reactive capacities without the need to disarm the entire system. As such, the total efficiency and operation of the 100 wind farm can be improved.
    [0032] [032] It should also be noted that, in addition to defining / adjusting the value for V max 242 or as an alternative to them, the voltage limit regulator 248 can also be configured to dynamically define or adjust the value for V min 244 based on one or more parameters related to the system voltage.
    [0033] [033] Referring also to Figure 2, the command V 250 derived from regulator VAR 240 is compared to a signal that indicates a measured terminal voltage 255 for the generator. The difference between the V 250 command and the measured terminal voltage 255 is the voltage error signal 260. The voltage error signal 260 is then inserted into a voltage regulator 270 of the revealed system.
    [0034] [034] The voltage regulator 270 generates a reactive current command 280, which is used to control the reactive current of the generator and, thus, the reactive power of the generator (Q wg in Figure 1). In one embodiment, voltage regulator 270 is a PI controller that has a closed circuit time constant of approximately 50 milliseconds. Other types of controls can also be used, for example, PD controls, PID controls, etc. In addition, other time constants can also be used (for example, 1 second, 20 milliseconds, 75 milliseconds, 45 milliseconds) for voltage regulator 270 as long as the time constant for regulator 270 is less than the time constant for the VAR 240 regulator.
    [0035] [035] In general, there are two components of a reactive current command: the real power component denoted as lrq_Cmd and the reactive power component denoted as lrd_Cmd. The reactive current command 280 (generated as described above in relation to Figure 2) is the reactive component or the command lrd_Cmd. The actual component or lrq_Cmd can be generated in any manner known in the art. The reactive current command 280 is limited to I rdmax 272 and I rdmin 274. The values for I rdmax 272 and I rdmin 274 can be based on generator current ratings.
    [0036] [036] In one embodiment, all of the limits discussed above in relation to Figure 2 are non-conclusive limits; however, in alternative embodiments, a subset of the limits may not be conclusive. In addition, most of the limits were discussed in terms of fixed parameters. However, similar to the value of V max 242 described above, dynamically variable parameters provided, for example, by a lookup table or a processor or state machine that executes a control algorithm can also provide the limits. Such dynamically variable limits can be based on any suitable parameters, such as the current rating of the generator and / or the actual contemporary power output.
    [0037] [037] Referring now to Figure 3, the flow diagram of an implementation of the operation of a generator control system is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present matter. As shown, at 300, a reactive power command is received. As mentioned above, the reactive power command can be an operator command, park level command, or a local command.
    [0038] [038] At 305, the upper and / or lower limits for the voltage set point (for example, the V 250 command shown in Figure 2) can be determined. As indicated above, the voltage set point can be limited to a predetermined range defined by upper and lower limits that are based on the generator terminal voltage. For example, in one embodiment, the limits can be defined in terms of the percentage of rated generator output, such as setting the upper limit to 105%, 110%, 102%, 115% of the rated generator voltage and the lower limit such as 95%, 98%, 92%, 90%, 97% of the rated generator voltage. However, in other embodiments, the upper and lower limits of the voltage set point can be defined and / or dynamically adjusted according to the predicted or measured operating parameters of the system. For example, as described above, the upper limit (or V max 242) can be set and / or adjusted by voltage limit regulator 248 based on one or more parameters related to the system voltage.
    [0039] [039] Additionally, it should be noted that, in various embodiments, the upper and lower limits of the voltage set point can initially be defined as a function of a predetermined limit (for example, based on the generator terminal voltage) and subsequently adjusted using voltage limit regulator 248 to account for operating conditions of variant systems and / or networks.
    [0040] [040] In 310, the voltage set point is determined based on the reactive power command, with the voltage set point being limited to a value defined between the upper and lower limits. Additionally, at 315, a reactive current command for the generator is determined based on the voltage set point. The reactive current command can be limited, in 320, to a range based, for example, on the generator current rating. For example, peak current ratings can be used for the limits, or percentages of peak current ratings can be used for the limits. In addition, in 325, the reactive current command is transmitted to the local controller for the wind turbine generator 110, which causes the commanded current to be supplied to the generator. Since then, in 330, the generator has been able to provide a reactive power output (Q wg in Figure 1) based on the reactive current command.
    [0041] [041] This written description uses examples to reveal the invention, including the best way, and also, to allow a person skilled in the art to put the invention into practice, including producing and using any devices or systems and performing any embedded methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [0001]
    VOLTAGE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A WIND TURBINE GENERATOR (110), comprising: - a reactive power regulator (240) configured to control the production of reactive power by setting a voltage setting point (250) for the wind turbine generator (110), the reactive power regulator (240) has a first constant the voltage set point (250) is defined between an upper limit (242) and a lower limit (244), where the upper limit (242) and the lower limit (244) for the definition point voltage (250) are initially defined as a function of the generator terminal voltage; - a voltage regulator (270) coupled to the reactive power regulator (240), and the voltage regulator (270) is configured to control the production of real power by the wind turbine generator (110) based on the set point of voltage (250), wherein the input signal to the voltage regulator (270) comprises an error signal (260) indicating a difference between the voltage set point (250) and a signal indicating the measured terminal voltage, the voltage regulator (270) has a second time constant, in which the first time constant is numerically greater than the second time constant; the system being characterized by additionally comprising a voltage limit regulator (248) configured to dynamically adjust at the upper limit of the voltage definition point (250) based on a maximum value, the instantaneous rotor voltage of one or more generators (110) to prevent an overvoltage trip action.
    [0002]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first time constant is greater than one second.
    [0003]
    SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that an input signal from the reactive power regulator (240) comprises an error signal (235) indicating a difference between a command limited to a predetermined range and a signal indicating the power reactive measure.
    [0004]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 3, characterized in that the predetermined range is defined by upper and lower limits based on the reactive power capacity of the generator.
    [0005]
    METHOD TO CONTROL A WIND TURBINE GENERATOR (110), the method is characterized by understanding the steps of: - receive a reactive power command (230); - dynamically adjust an upper limit (242) of a voltage setting point (250) of the wind turbine generator (110) based on a maximum rotor voltage of the wind turbine generator (110), where the upper limits (242) ) and lower (244) for the voltage set point (250) are initially defined as a function of the generator terminal voltage, and set an upper limit (242) of the voltage set point (250) of the wind turbine generator (110) based on a maximum rotor voltage of the wind turbine generator (110) which comprises lowering an upper limit (242) of the voltage set point (250) to prevent an overvoltage trip action from occurring; - determine the voltage set point (250) based on the reactive power command (230) in such a way that the voltage set point (250) falls within the upper (242) and lower (244) limits; - determining a reactive current command (280) for the wind turbine generator (110) in response to the voltage set point (250); and - generate real and reactive power based on the reactive current command (280).
    [0006]
    METHOD according to claim 5, characterized by the step of determining the voltage set point (250) based on the reactive power command (230) comprising determining the voltage set point (250) with a reactive power regulator ( 240), the voltage set point (250) being transmitted to a voltage regulator (248).
    [0007]
    METHOD, according to claim 6, characterized in that a time constant of the voltage regulator (248) is numerically less than a time constant of the reactive power regulator (240).
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    法律状态:
    2016-05-24| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-31| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-30| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/08/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/600,899|2012-08-31|
    US13/600,899|US9371821B2|2012-08-31|2012-08-31|Voltage control for wind turbine generators|
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